Practical Investigation On Poverty Alleviation Through Employment: A Sustainable Proposition To Eliminate Material And Spiritual Poverty

In 2020, China's fight against poverty will officially end.

From 2016, the poverty-stricken counties listed by the state were started to be lifted year by year, to the first poverty-stricken county appeared after the establishment of the poverty-stricken exit mechanism in 2017, and then all 832 poverty-stricken counties previously determined by November 2020 will be completely "wiped out". In the decisive year of building a moderately prosperous society in an all-round way, the problem of absolute poverty, which has plagued the Chinese nation, has ushered in a historic moment.

The elimination of absolute poverty in the whole country is of milestone significance both for China's economic and social development and for the eradication of poverty for all mankind.

In addition to the top-level design and the support and guidance of the local government, the collaborative linkage between enterprises and cooperatives, and the mutual assistance between poor households in filing and card filing play an important role.

Especially at the enterprise level, due to its full market-oriented ability, as well as the linkage and linkage role of the industry, the role of enterprises in the various social subjects participating in poverty alleviation can not be ignored.

To this end, the 21st century Industrial Research Institute, taking country garden as a template, conducted in-depth research and Discussion on the concept, practice and layout of its poverty alleviation work, and issued the report "teaching people to fish: a sample of China's employment poverty alleviation practice".

From single project assistance in 1997 to comprehensive promotion of assistance work in 14 counties of 9 provinces in China in 2018, country garden's poverty alleviation work has experienced four stages of development. The company's exploration highlights the diversity of the role of the market-oriented main body in the poverty alleviation work, as well as the rich ability to connect resources.

With the next step from targeted poverty alleviation to rural revitalization, how to consolidate the achievements of poverty alleviation, prevent poverty return after poverty alleviation, how to overcome formalism and put an end to digital poverty alleviation are all important tasks that need to be strengthened.

From the perspective of enterprise participation, continuing to give full play to the market-oriented ability and fully mobilize the villagers' willingness to integrate is the core meaning and will also be a sustainable proposition.

Looking back, the country garden in history actually expanded from a single poverty alleviation mode to today's flowering. Information map

"4 + X" strategy in accordance with local conditions

The "4 + X" poverty alleviation mode proposed by country garden today, "4" refers to the specified actions uniformly deployed by the party building poverty alleviation, industry poverty alleviation, education poverty alleviation and employment poverty alleviation, and "X" refers to the optional action combined with the actual expansion of the assistance areas, so as to achieve targeted poverty alleviation.

Looking back, in history, country garden is actually a process from a single poverty alleviation model to the flowering of today's various points. The development process of country garden can be roughly described as the process of pilot projects first, then large-scale spreading, and gradually moving to the whole country.

The starting point of country garden's poverty alleviation work is education poverty alleviation. Since 1997, the group and its founders have carried out relevant work by donating money to help students and setting up charity schools, benefiting tens of thousands of poor students.

On this basis, in 2007, the company began to participate in more infrastructure construction, such as donating 210 million yuan to help Mabian and Ganluo in Sichuan Province for the construction of vocational high schools, township health centers, and village roads.

In the second stage, country garden began to intervene in the way of industrial poverty alleviation, and pilot poverty alleviation in villages. In 2010, the company donated 200 million yuan to help Shushan village, Yingde, Qingyuan, Guangdong Province, to develop the green seedling industry according to local conditions. This industry alone has increased the villagers' income by more than 12 million yuan, with an average income of 70000 yuan per household.

Since then, large-scale poverty alleviation in villages has begun. Since 2017, country garden has gradually extended the successful experience of Shushan village to seven designated support projects, including huangtang village in Wengyuan, Shaoguan, huangzheng village in Raoping, Chaozhou, and yanglv village in Tianyang, Baise, Guangxi. It has donated nearly 500 million yuan to help 78 poverty-stricken villages such as Yingde Yuzui village and Lianzhang village, covering many poor areas in Guangdong, Guangxi and Sichuan provinces.

The fourth stage started in 2018. For country garden group, the importance of poverty alleviation work has also risen to the height of its main business. In that year, the company's poverty alleviation coverage reached 9 provinces, and the national assistance projects involved 16 provinces and 57 counties, with more than 490000 people out of poverty.

Finding out today's "4 + X" mode, we can achieve remarkable results in poverty alleviation through industry and employment, and the poverty alleviation through Party building and education is undoubtedly an important auxiliary measure. By focusing on the "key minority" and leading the "vast majority", we can enhance the thrust and guiding force of local poverty alleviation. In addition, all localities are implementing the "military order" to write poverty alleviation into the party building work. Undoubtedly, multi-party cooperation can create good basic conditions for the follow-up and implementation of poverty alleviation.

In terms of poverty alleviation through education, support is provided from the fundamental and conceptual level. More importantly, it can help to support the imbalance of educational resources and provide basic support for the development of the next generation from the starting line.

There is no doubt that industries and employment can play a sustainable role in poverty alleviation. By giving full play to the enterprise's insight and mining ability of industrial development, and connecting the upstream and downstream ecology of the industrial chain, it can undoubtedly further promote the landing of employment demand.

In the report released this time, the 21st century industry research institute tried to find out the accumulated experience and achievements of country garden in industrial poverty alleviation and employment poverty alleviation through field visits.

Driving force for poverty alleviation through employment

Employment is the foundation of people's livelihood. In recent years, poverty alleviation through employment has become an important part of government employment priority policies at all levels, and an important channel for targeted poverty alleviation and poverty alleviation.

Promoting the employment and income increase of the poor is the fastest and most powerful means to promote the poor families to get rid of poverty. Long term adherence can also effectively block the intergenerational transmission of poverty.

Each place has its own unique resource endowment, cultural characteristics and industrial advantages. No matter what the current situation is, the combination of industrialization landing and personnel participation in employment will generally achieve better poverty alleviation results.

According to the Ministry of human resources and social security, by the end of October 2020, more than 90% of the poverty-stricken people who have established files and registered cards have been supported by industry and employment. Poverty alleviation should first support the will, and employment is the best way to support the will and wisdom.

In the cases visited, the value of country garden's contribution is mainly reflected in four aspects: directly or indirectly promoting employment, supporting the sustainable development of local characteristic industries, strengthening the main body consciousness of local poor households by formulating measures, and carrying out vocational training according to the market demand for specific skills.

Specifically, it promotes the construction of nursery stock base in combination with the local natural environment; according to the local characteristics of agricultural products and historical and cultural advantages, it helps to expand the industrial ecology such as potatoes, sheep, embroidery and so on.

In this process, on the one hand, country garden can complete one-to-one docking of downstream demand according to its own culture, construction subsidiary and commodity sales system; on the other hand, it is more important to attract and drive local poor households to actively participate in the assistance work by establishing a mechanism of interest binding and sharing.

The advantage of the former lies in the uniqueness of local products. For example, in Pingjiang County, Hunan Province, Biguiyuan has explored such high-quality products as "Guyu tobacco tea", "Laoshu tea oil", "Gongjiao series seasonings", "selenium rich sweet wine" and "green sweet potato", etc., and relying on the group's Bi optimization, Bixiang company, hotels and other channels, to help it go to the market.

The core of the latter is that the company takes the lead in democratic negotiation with village collective and farmers, and establishes long-term stable cooperation through sharing interests and risks. For example, in helping counties to promote seedling planting industry, according to the fund operation mode of "borrowing your seed, selling it back, earning it back, borrowing again and getting rich through hard work", the cooperation mode of "company + cooperative + poor households" is adopted to develop intensive and large-scale nursery stock farms. At the same time, farmers can also be mobilized to plant seedlings in different forms, such as decentralized, house front and back This will drive the local people to get rid of poverty and become rich.

Up to now, country garden has set up nearly 2000 mu nursery stock farms in 12 counties. It has helped more than 15000 poor people by renting land, solving employment problems, investing financial funds in shares and dividends. At present, 10 farms in Xingguo, Tiandong, Pingjiang, Lantian, Xinhe, Yingde, Yucheng, Dongxiang, Luanping and Shucheng have successively delivered their products, with an output value of more than 130 million yuan.

The driving effect of individual cases is very significant. The joint promotion of country garden and relevant local departments will attract a group of poor households who are willing to change the status quo by means of skills training, and support them to obtain good income benefits after skill training. Based on this, country garden and these beneficiaries will further "show up" to the more sinking areas, rather than preach in empty spaces. Undoubtedly, it will bring excellent leading demonstration effect in employment 。

Sustainable Rural Revitalization

2020 is the last year of poverty alleviation and the beginning of Rural Revitalization. To solve the problem of absolute poverty, we have to face a longer-term and normal relative poverty problem. The establishment of a long-term mechanism to solve the problem of relative poverty is consistent with the strategy of Rural Revitalization.

"Rural Revitalization" has also appeared in nearly three years of government work reports. The latest report on the work of the government in 2020 pointed out that the government should continue to promote the effective connection between poverty alleviation and rural revitalization, and strive to make the people out of poverty move towards prosperity.

How to connect? Liu Yongfu, Secretary of the Party group and director of the Poverty Alleviation Office of the State Council, first of all, we should link up the ideas. For the central and western regions, the poverty alleviation areas should still focus on consolidating the achievements of poverty alleviation as the focus of rural revitalization, so as to ensure that the poverty-stricken population and the decapitated areas do not fall behind in the Rural Revitalization.

Secondly, it is necessary to link up the policies, comprehensively sort out the policies that need to be implemented continuously, the policies that need to be adjusted and improved, the policies that need to be gradually withdrawn, and the policies that need to be strengthened.

It is also necessary to link up in work. After 2020, poverty alleviation work will change from extraordinary measures to normal assistance, and from centralized tackling to long-term mechanism. In short, it is necessary to stimulate the endogenous power of the development of low-income population in underdeveloped areas and rural areas.

This is different from the previous urban and rural development planning. In the past, the top-level design was expressed as "balancing urban and rural development" and "taking the city as the driving force". In fact, it was the urban-rural development idea of "city leading and rural subordinate". The goal of Rural Revitalization is the modernization of agriculture and countryside, and the integrated development of urban and rural areas is to promote the interconnection of urban and rural social modernization, economic system, democratic politics, cultural vitality, social governance and ecological civilization.

At the same time, the coverage of Rural Revitalization has been separated from the initial stage of poor households, they will be more forward-looking in the sense of openness, and will be willing to try new development models; they will have a clearer understanding of the process of industrial development to help poverty alleviation, which is expected to bring better development results under the guidance of different forms of institutions.

From poverty alleviation to rural revitalization, in fact, from the logic of industrial development, it comes down in one continuous line. "Industry" is the core carrier of Rural Revitalization. Only when the economic foundation of industrial revitalization is good, can we build the rural environmental foundation, cultural foundation and social foundation, and finally realize the people's livelihood goal of rich life.

On the basis of consumption poverty alleviation, we should also force the upgrading of industries, promote the matching of upstream and downstream industries and the improvement of industrial chain, and form a perfect industrial system, which can not only prevent the return to poverty, but also enhance the hematopoietic capacity and endogenous power of poverty-stricken areas.

The country garden has begun to explore accordingly. In Pingjiang County, Hunan Province, the development of villages and towns with natural scenery, red culture and good economic foundation has started the development of rural complex project integrating three major industries.

Among them, the management mode of "enterprise + cooperative + villagers" is also adopted. Enterprises drive the village cooperatives, and then drive the development of village collective economy and villagers.

In this way, local villagers can change their identity from farmers to operators, and form a stable positive cooperative relationship between villagers and enterprises, so as to promote the benign operation of the project.

The main purpose of developing industries in poor areas is to solve the employment problem of the poor population. This is not only the key way to solve poverty alleviation and prevent poverty return, but also the only way to realize rural revitalization. Industry poverty alleviation is sustainable, the employment of the poor population is sustainable, and there is hope for Rural Revitalization.