Analysis On The Transfer Trend Of Global Textile And Garment Industry Chain

In recent years, the global textile and clothing trade direction has changed quietly. As the largest textile exporter and clothing exporter, China occupies an important part in the industrial chain. Due to the changes in international relations and the rise of textile and garment industry chains in Vietnam, Bangladesh, India and other countries, the international textile and clothing trade has shifted, and China's textile and clothing export share has been squeezed out in some regions and began to decline. In this paper, China, the European Union, the United States and Japan are selected as the research objectives to analyze the changes of China's textile and clothing exports and the changes of imports from the European Union, the United States and Japan in the past 10 years. The European Union, the United States and Japan are China's largest textile and clothing export places, and they are also important links in the global textile and clothing trade. Selecting them as the research object can more intuitively show the changing trend of the global textile and clothing industry chain.

[China's textile and clothing export]

Textile exports: the EU, the United States and Vietnam account for the main share, and Vietnam's share has increased significantly in the past 10 years

In 2019, China's main textile export destinations are the European Union, the United States, Vietnam, Bangladesh, Japan, Hong Kong, China and Indonesia. Among them, China's textile exports to the EU, the United States and Vietnam accounted for more than 10%, respectively 11%, 10.4% and 10.2%, Bangladesh accounted for 5.4%, Japan accounted for 3.8%, Hong Kong, China accounted for 3.6%, and Indonesia accounted for 3 5%。 China's textile exports to the United States fell by 9% in 2019 year-on-year, while exports to Bangladesh also fell by 4.6%, while Vietnam increased by 4%.

By comparing the data of 2009 and 2019, it can be found that the proportion of China's textile exports to the EU and the United States has not changed much in the past 10 years. The proportion of China's textile exports to Hong Kong, China, has decreased by 8%, while the proportion of exports to Vietnam has increased by 6.5% in 10 years, from 3.7% in 2009 to 10.2% in 2019.

The table shows the main export distribution of China's textiles in 2009 and 2019 (unit: 10000 US dollars)

Clothing export: the share of clothing export to EU and Japan has declined significantly in 10 years

In 2019, the main export destinations of Chinese clothing are the European Union, the United States and Japan, accounting for 22.4%, 21.6% and 10% respectively. In 2019, China's clothing export value decreased by 4% year-on-year, and China's clothing export amount to the EU, the United States and Japan all declined year on year, with the largest decline in the United States.

By comparing the data of 2009 and 2019, it can be found that the amount of China's clothing export increased by 41.6% compared with that of 10 years ago. Except for the United States, China's clothing export amount to the European Union and Japan declined, and the proportion also declined significantly.

The table shows the main export distribution of China's clothing in 2009 and 2019 (unit: 10000 US dollars)

[US textiles, clothing imports]

In 2019, the U.S. textile and clothing imports totaled US $111.2 billion, including US $83.8 billion of clothing imports and US $27.4 billion of textile imports, with a ratio of 3:1.

Textile import: China's share is the largest, but its share has not changed much in the past 10 years, while India's share has increased slowly

The picture shows the ten-year change of US textile import amount (unit: US $100 million)

According to the historical data of the United States Office of textiles and clothing (oxtea), in the 10 years from 2009 to 2019, the US textile import volume showed an overall growth trend. Except for the year-on-year decrease in 2016 and 2019, the textile import volume in other years increased year by year. The volume of textile imports increased by 53% compared with that of the United States in 2019.

From the perspective of textile import market, the main import source country is China, accounting for 42% in 2019, followed by India, accounting for 14.6%, and the European Union accounting for 8.5%, ranking third. Among them, China has been the largest source of textile imports from the United States since 2009. In the past 10 years, the trend of the amount of textiles imported from China by the United States was basically consistent with that from the world, and the proportion of textile imports from China remained at 40% - 50%. In 2019, the proportion decreased by 4.9% year-on-year, and the reason was related to Sino US trade friction. India, the second source of US textile imports, accounted for only 9.2% of the total 10 years ago, which was lower than that of the European Union. However, in the past 10 years, the textile import amount of the United States from India increased year by year, and the proportion also showed a trend to increase. Although the EU accounted for 14% in 2009, only second only to China, its share decreased by 6% in 2011 compared with the same period last year, and since then it has basically maintained at 7.5% - 8.5%.

Clothing import: Vietnam's sudden rise to occupy the share of China's export

In the past 10 years, the amount of us clothing imports also showed an overall growth trend. In 2019, the US clothing import volume was 83.8 billion US dollars, an increase of 32.8% compared with the US $63.1 billion in 2009.

The picture shows the change of us clothing import amount in 10 years (unit: 100 million US dollars)

From the perspective of clothing import source countries, the top five countries are China, Vietnam, Bangladesh, Indonesia and India. In 2019, the United States accounted for 29.7%, 16.2%, 7.1%, 5.3% and 4.9% of clothing import value from these countries. Among them, the import value of China and Vietnam in the past 10 years showed an obvious reverse change. The import amount of clothing from China of the United States first increased and then decreased. In 2019, the import amount of clothing only increased by 1.4 billion US dollars compared with 10 years ago, while the proportion showed an overall downward trend. The proportion in 2019 decreased by 6.9 percentage points compared with 36.6% in 2009; Meanwhile, the clothing import amount of the United States from Vietnam has steadily increased year by year. In 2019, the clothing import amount increased by 8.5 billion US dollars compared with 10 years ago, with an increase of 1.67 times. The proportion also increased year by year, increasing by 8.3 percentage points compared with 10 years ago.

It can be seen that in the past 10 years, Vietnam's clothing industry has been growing, and its output and export have been increasing year by year. To some extent, Vietnam, as an emerging garment production and export country, has a competitive relationship with China, seizing the share of China's clothing export. In 2019, this situation is even more obvious. The proportion of us clothing imports from China decreased by 3.3% year-on-year, and Vietnam increased by 1.43% year-on-year. Both of the growth rates in 2019 were the largest in 10 years. Due to the United States imposing tariffs on textiles and clothing from China, American Apparel downstream enterprises reduced the import of Chinese clothing and increased the clothing import to Vietnam. For other importing countries, the export amount of clothing from Bangladesh, Indonesia and India to the United States has increased year by year in the past 10 years, but the curve is much flatter than that of Vietnam. In terms of proportion, only Bangladesh increases as a whole, with an increase of 1.75% in 2019 compared with 10 years ago. The proportion of Indonesia first increases and then decreases, and the overall fluctuation is not obvious. The share of India does not fluctuate significantly in the past 10 years.

[EU textiles and clothing imports]

Textile imports: China's share in the overall rising trend

The picture shows the trend of European Union's textile import volume in 10 years (unit: 100 million euro)

In 2019, EU textile imports amounted to 28.1 billion euro, an increase of 86% compared with 2009.

From the perspective of textile import market, the main import source country is China, accounting for 38% in 2019, followed by Turkey, accounting for 14.6%, and India accounting for 8.2%, ranking third. From the perspective of textile import amount, the textile export value of China, Turkey and India to the EU has increased in the past 10 years, with the largest increase of 129% in China, followed by Turkey with 71% and India with 52%. In terms of the proportion of textile import value, the proportion of China in the whole shows an obvious upward trend. The proportion of China in 2019 increases by 7% compared with that in 2009, while that of Turkey decreases by 1.35% compared with 10 years ago. The proportion of India as a whole shows a slow downward trend, decreasing by 1.84% compared with 10 years ago.

The figure shows the distribution of textile import amount in 10 years of EU (unit:%)

Clothing import: Bangladesh seizes the share of China's clothing export to EU

In 2019, EU clothing imports amounted to EUR 88 billion, an increase of 53% over the same period in 2009. From the perspective of clothing import market, the top six source countries in 2019 are China, Bangladesh, Turkey, India, Cambodia and Vietnam, accounting for 30.5%, 20%, 11.6%, 5.7%, 4.6% and 4.2% respectively in 2019.

From the perspective of clothing import amount, EU's import amount of clothing from China basically maintained at 25-30 billion US dollars in 10 years, and the import amount in 2019 did not change much compared with 2009; the import amount of clothing from Bangladesh showed an obvious upward trend, with an increase of 241% in 10 years; the import amount of European Union's clothing from Turkey increased slowly in 10 years, with an increase of 44%; The import value of European Union's clothing to India has basically maintained at 4.1-5.2 billion euro in 10 years, with an increase of 21%; the export amount of clothing from Cambodia and Vietnam to EU has increased slowly in the past 10 years, of which Cambodia has increased from 600 million euro to 4 billion euro, and Vietnam has increased from 1.2 billion euro to 3.7 billion euro.

In terms of the proportion of clothing imports, China's share showed an obvious downward trend, with the proportion in 2019 decreasing by 14% compared with that in 2009; while that of Bangladesh was just opposite to that of China. Due to the rapid growth of EU's clothing import to Bangladesh in the past 10 years, its share increased by 11% compared with that of 10 years ago; Turkey's share did not change as a whole; Compared with 10 years ago, India's share in 2019 decreased by 1.47%; Cambodia's and Vietnam's share of EU's clothing exports increased slowly, increasing by 3.6% and 2.1% respectively.

The picture shows the trend of European Union's clothing import volume in 10 years (unit: 100 million euro)

[import of Japanese textiles and clothing]

Textile import: China accounts for the largest proportion, but decreases year by year, while Vietnam increases year by year

In 2019, Japan's textile imports amounted to $907 million, an increase of 55% over the same period in 2009.

From the perspective of textile import market, China is the largest textile import source country of Japan, accounting for 54%. Compared with China, the proportion of textiles imported by Japan from other countries lags far behind China, all below 10%. Although the volume of textile imports from Japan increased by 31% over the same period in 2009, we can see that the import volume of Japan's textiles increased by 31% compared with that of China in the past 10 years. In 2009, the value of textile imports from Vietnam decreased by 10.9% from 2.9% in 2009. 、

Clothing import: China's share has decreased by 27% in the past decade, while Vietnam's share has increased by 11%

Similar to the distribution of textile imports, Japan's main source of clothing imports is China, accounting for 56.8%. In the past 10 years, Japan's clothing imports to China showed an overall trend of first increasing and then rising, and the value in 2019 was 8% lower than that of 10 years ago. From the perspective of the proportion trend, Japan's clothing import to China presents a very smooth downward trend, with the proportion in 2019 decreasing by 27% compared with that in 2009; while Vietnam, as the second source country of Japan's clothing import, Japan's clothing import amount increased by 401% in 10 years, while the proportion increased steadily, reaching 11% in ten years.

The picture shows the trend of Japan's clothing import volume in 10 years (unit: million US dollars)

The picture shows the distribution of Japan's clothing import amount in 10 years (unit:%)

[summary]

Through the research, it is found that the global textile and clothing trade direction has changed significantly in the past 10 years. As a traditional textile and clothing export country, China's export share began to decline, while that of Vietnam, Bangladesh and other emerging countries increased significantly.

In terms of clothing, China's main export destinations are the European Union, the United States and Japan. In 2019, the amount and proportion of China's clothing exports to the EU and Japan decreased significantly compared with 10 years ago, while that to the United States increased. In terms of countries, the proportion of the United States' imports of Chinese clothing fell by 6.9% in the past 10 years, while the import proportion of Vietnam's clothing increased by 8.3%; the EU's import proportion of Chinese clothing fell by 14% in the past 10 years, while that of Bangladesh increased by 11%; On the other hand, Japan's import proportion of Chinese clothing fell by 27% in the past 10 years, while its import share of Vietnam's clothing increased by 11%. It can be seen that the garment production and export industries of Vietnam, Bangladesh and other countries have gradually grown in the past 10 years, competing with China, which is a traditional clothing export country, crowding out the export market, and transferring the clothing industry chain.

In terms of textiles, China's main export destinations are the European Union, the United States and Vietnam. The share of Europe and the United States is basically the same as 10 years ago, but Vietnam's share has increased significantly. In terms of countries, China's textile imports in the United States accounted for the largest share, accounting for 42%. The total import amount increased in the past 10 years, but the proportion did not change much. The proportion of India, the second source of import, increased slowly. It is not ruled out that China's share will be snatched by other emerging textile export destinations in the future; China's textile imports in the EU also accounted for the largest share, accounting for 38%. The import amount and proportion showed an upward trend in the past 10 years. The European Union has not seen any other countries crowding China's textile export share; Vietnam's textile import to China has increased significantly in the past 10 years, which is due to the gradual expansion of Vietnam's garment production and export industry in recent years, but its textile industry chain is not perfect, which needs to be met by imports.