My Motherland And I Are Watching The Great Changes Of The Motherland From The Rapid Development Of The Textile Industry.

Look at the great changes of the motherland from the rapid development of the textile industry

Wang Lie, deputy director general, Department of industry management, former State Textile Industry Bureau

Whenever I see the six words of "I and my motherland", whenever I talk about my own life and happiness with my friends, whenever I go to my motherland to enjoy the beautiful scenery, whenever I see the picture of cutting-edge technology on TV, I will heartily spread the idea of "I love my motherland". Looking back at the development of China's textile industry, I have a great passion for my motherland.

The textile industry has gone through three stages.

In the past 70 years since the founding of new China, China's textile industry has gone through a difficult start -- rapid development and rapid development. It has become the world's largest producer, consumer and export of textile and clothing, and is moving towards a textile power.

Hard start: during the founding of new China, all industries were sluggish and useless. The state formed the foundation of new China's textile industry through the way of public-private partnership or nationalization of textile mills and textile machinery factories in the upper (HAI) Qing (Island) Tien (Jin) and other places, and started difficultly. The total output value in 1949 was 4 billion 800 million yuan, and in 1950 it was 5 billion 500 million yuan.

Rapid development: in the early stage of "15" to "25", the state invested huge sums of money in the construction of a large number of cotton textile mills, wool textile mills, textile mills, printing and dyeing mills, knitting mills and textile machinery factories in large and medium-sized cities such as Beijing and Shijiazhuang. The national textile industry entered the first rapid development period: in 1959, the total output value of the national textile industry reached 25 billion 290 million yuan, an increase of 4 times compared with that in 1949. Later, due to three years of natural disasters and historical factors, the development of the textile industry was extremely slow. In 1976, the gross output value of the national textile industry was 34 billion 710 million yuan, and the 37% growth rate in 17 years was only 34 billion 710 million yuan. At the beginning of 70s, 4 large-scale chemical fiber factories such as Shanghai Jinshan petrochemical, Liaoyang chemical fiber, Tianjin chemical fiber and Sichuan Vigny fiber were launched, and the chemical fiber production increased from 200 tons in 1957 to 450 thousand tons in 1980. At the same time, a large number of textile factories of various sizes were built in various places. The blending of chemical fiber and natural fibers has not only greatly increased the output of textile products, but also greatly expanded and enriched the varieties of textile products and made the textile industry enter the second rapid development period: the 30 year old cloth ticket formally abolished in December 1, 1983 is an important symbol of this development period. By 1986, the total output value of the national textile industry has reached 93 billion 355 million yuan, which has increased 1.7 times in ten years.

Rapid development: since 1986, China's textile industry has entered a period of rapid development.

China leaps to the top of the first textile giant

If we say that before 1986, the rapid development of China's textile industry mainly depended on the endogenous growth of the traditional textile industry, then after 1986, we relied on the two strong forces of the three extension development and technological progress, and jumped to the summit of the world's largest textile country.

The first extension and extension -- the development of the three pillar products with clothing as the leader, the garment industry has become an important force in the textile industry.

Three years after the state announced the abolition of the tickets, the State Council made a major decision: the Ministry of light industry's "China Clothing Industry Corporation" was assigned to the Ministry of textiles. After that, the scale of garment industry can be said to be changing rapidly and advancing by leaps and bounds. Only ten years later, in 1997, the national clothing output reached 13 billion 690 million, an increase of 5 times compared with 1987, with an average annual increase of 110 thousand. In 2017, there were 28 billion 800 million pieces.

The rapid development of the clothing industry, first of all, has greatly promoted the development of all kinds of fabric production, and then pushed the development of all kinds of fabrics and yarns, especially the chemical fibers of industrial textile raw materials. Of course, from another point of view, if there is no development of the chemical fiber industry, there can be no big development of textile and clothing. Two, it has greatly satisfied the various needs of the people after the increasingly prosperous life of the whole nation. Three, it has expanded the export of textiles and clothing.

The second extension and extension -- the Ministry of agriculture and the Ministry of agriculture jointly study the coordinated development of township textile enterprises and the textile industry.

In the late 70s of last century, township enterprises sprang up like mushrooms everywhere. Township textile enterprises were an important force. In the process of its rapid development, there are also some urgent problems, such as vicious competition among peers, poor quality of some enterprises and so on.

How to solve these new problems, the two leaders of the Ministry of agriculture and the Ministry of agriculture have decided to set up a textile Commission under the association of township enterprises of China to conduct special research on these problems and report to two leaders. The two leaders and relevant departments and bureaus often communicate with each other to study the problems arising from the development of township textile enterprises in all parts of the country, and gradually emerge the good momentum of the coordinated development of the state-owned, collective and rural textile enterprises. Different textile enterprises have their respective strengths and strengths. Different provinces and cities play their respective advantages in raw materials, market, technology and management, so that all kinds of textile enterprises in the country can avoid weaknesses and avoid vicious competition under the guidance of the local Textile Bureau and the Township Enterprise Management Bureau.

The third extension and extension: endow textile producers with the right to export independently, reform the management of textile quotas, and enable strong textile producers to enter the international market directly.

According to the instructions of the CPC Central Committee and the State Council, the Ministry of foreign trade and economic cooperation started the pilot project of self import and export of production enterprises since the early 80s. At that time, there were two forms. First, the production enterprises that had export strength were directly granted to the import and export rights by the Ministry of foreign trade and economic cooperation. The Guangzhou silk mill was the first textile mill in China to win the right of import and export. The two is to select several central cities, which are jointly organized by the large textile enterprises of the local textile industry main management department, to set up a foreign trade company in the industrial sector (Industrial and Trading Company), and to implement the joint management of two foreign trade and textile industries. In 1982, the first Industrial and Trading Company with the right to import and export, the "Qingdao textile joint import and export company", was established in the national textile industry. Later, in a few coastal open cities, new joint spinning (Shanghai), Tian Fang Lian (Tianjin), Guangdong Textile Federation (Guangzhou), big spinning Federation (Dalian) and other Industrial and Trading Company were set up. By the end of 1993, 477 textile and Industrial Import and export enterprises were built in China.

However, a new problem emerged at that time, that is, the products of some self operated enterprises were mainly exported to the countries with quotas, and no quota was available.

Textile quota has been practiced for more than 40 years (1962~2004 years). It is the quantity limitation of textile imports from developed countries in developed countries. At that time, it was called passive quota in China. When China exported some resource products (such as two yarn two cloth) to some countries, export quota was also applied, which was called active quota. The reform of textile quota management started with active quotas.

In April 5, 1994, some textile bureaus and business seminars were held in Beijing West Hotel to discuss how to quickly solve problems in cotton textile industry. At the meeting, 13 large cotton mills were identified as the first batch of pilot enterprises, and directly obtained two quotas and two cloth quotas for self export. The self export enterprises with passive quotas have come one after another, directly entering the foreign market, and quickly and fully understand the needs of the international market and timely adjust the products of their enterprises. Although prices have gone up, export volume has not been increased by quota restrictions, but has led to export of non quota varieties, and export efficiency has increased rapidly.

In the three extension of the textile industry, I participated in different degrees as a direct operator. I deeply feel that every reform promoted by the leaders of the state and government is very difficult, but it has been a great success.

The rapid development of the three extension of the textile industry shows the great achievements of China's reform and opening up from the side. In the past 70 years since the founding of new China, whether the international blockade is mainly relied on self-reliance or breaking the blockade and carrying out reform and opening up, China's economic development has never stopped, mainly due to two points: first, the strong leadership of the Communist Party of China, second, the diligence and courage of the people of all ethnic groups in the country.

I love my motherland, I feel very happy and proud of myself in this great era.