Textile Machinery Knowledge Introduction Loom Detail

Loom machine development

Looms, looms commonly used. Original Loom It is the loom that sits on the ground (also called waist machine). The way to use the machine is to use the foot loom to warp the wooden stick, the right hand holds the weft cutter to tighten the weft, and the left hand is used as the weft insertion. The foot type waist machine has no rack, and one end of the rolling cloth shaft is tied to the waist, and the two feet pedal on the warp shaft at the other end and tighten the fabric. The warp yarn is divided into two layers by odd even number, and the warp is used to form warp yarn, and the weft insertion is used to beat the weft and beat the weft knives. The most important achievement of waist weaving is the use of lifting rods, dividing bars and beating knives. Although the loom is very simple, it has 3 directions, such as opening and weaving the upper and lower opening, weft insertion, front and rear tightening, and so on. It is the ancestor of the modern loom.

In the production practice of weaving, people gradually reformed and created a skew loom for foot lifting. Its images appeared many times in the Han Dynasty stone relief. The skew loom already has a rack, which has a fifty or sixty degree inclination through the plane and horizontal frame, and the foot opening device is used. The weavers can sit and operate, and their hands and feet are used together. The productivity is generally more than 10 times higher than that of the original loom. It is the most advanced loom in the world at that time.

stay textile industry There are many kinds of shuttleless looms in the course of development, such as rapier looms, projectile looms, air-jet looms, water looms, multiphase looms, magnetic weft looms, etc. Compared with shuttle looms, woven fabrics produced by shuttleless looms have unparalleled advantages in terms of output, quality and variety. Weaving machines have replaced shuttle looms in most weaving fields. This pace has further accelerated and has expanded from the textile industry of developed countries to developing countries. From the technical development of the international shuttleless loom and the needs of the textile industry, the air jet looms have made rapid progress in terms of speed, width and serialization. In addition to the wide application of the wide range of cotton textile industry, the applications of dyed weave and jacquard fabrics are becoming more and more extensive. The rapier looms have advantages such as adaptability of the rapier loom, variety of fabric variety, and wider range of weaving. These two looms become the two most important types of textile industry.

Loom Loom Type

The development of China's weaving machinery is uneven, with circular weft knitting machines and warp knitting machines developing faster. Flat knitting machines and hosiery machines are relatively slow, and crochet machines develop faster. The basic products of widely used circular knitting machines are quite complete. They have a series of single sided, double-sided circular weft knitting machines, rib knitting machines and artificial fur machines. The single circular knitting machine has four stitches, Terry (positive and reverse), weft insertion, multi-function single face machine and so on.

The diameter of the cylinder has been developed to a maximum of 38~40 inches on the basis of 30 inches used in the past. The machine number has also developed from fine needle spacing E28 to E32 to E36; double sided circular weft knitting machines include cotton wool machine, upper two lower four side double-sided machines, jacquard duplex machines, etc. the ribbed machine has been self made, and the cotton wool machine and ribbed machine can be mutually transformed; the electronic jacquard weft knitting machine has made breakthroughs to fill the gap in China; the artificial fur machine has two kinds of wool top feeding and cut ring velvet, and the computerized jacquard artificial fur machine has been mass produced and supplied.

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According to the weft insertion method of weaving, it can be divided into two categories: shuttle looms and shuttleless looms. Shuttle looms are looms using traditional shuttle (wooden shuttle or plastic shuttle) weft insertion. The shuttle is large in volume and heavy in weight. It is repeatedly projected by the machine. It has large vibration, high noise, slow speed and low efficiency. The weft insertion mode of shuttleless looms is varied. There are rapier, jet (jet, water spray), film shuttle, multi shuttle (multiphase) and braiding.

Rapier loom

Rapier looms use rigid or flexible rapier heads to bring in clamping and guiding weft. Besides being suitable for weaving plain and textured fabrics, rapier looms are characterized by convenient color changing and suitable for multicolored weft fabrics. They are suitable for the production of dyed fabrics, double pile fabrics, terry fabrics and decorative fabrics.

Air-jet loom

The air-jet loom is used to draw the compressed airstream to pull the weft yarn and to take the weft across the shed. Air jet looms are characterized by high speed and high productivity. They are suitable for production of plain and textured fabrics, fine high density fabrics and large batch fabrics.

Water jet loom

The water jet looms use water as the weft insertion medium to produce frictional traction force on the weft yarn by jet flow, so that weft on the fixed bobbin is introduced into the shed. The water jet loom has the characteristics of high speed and high unit yield, and is mainly suitable for the production of the smooth hydrophobic filament chemical fiber fabric.

Projectile loom

The projectile loom uses a small piece of shuttle with clip to hold the weft and projected the weft insertion. The projectile loom has the advantages of stable weft insertion, excellent fabric quality and less weft back. It is suitable for the production of multicolored weft fabrics, fine and thick fabrics and wide fabrics.

Loom - working principle

The basic feature of shuttle free looms is to separate the weft yarn from the shuttle, or to carry only a small amount of weft yarn instead of large and heavy shuttle with small and light weft inserts, which provides favorable conditions for high speed weft insertion. On the supply of the weft yarn, it is directly used in the package, and through the weft insertion device, the loom is removed from frequent weft insertion.

The use of shuttleless looms is of great significance for increasing fabric varieties, adjusting fabric structure, reducing fabric defects, improving fabric quality, reducing noise and improving working conditions. The speed of shuttleless weaving machine is usually 4-8 times higher than that of shuttle loom. Therefore, large area application of shuttleless loom can greatly increase labour productivity.

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As the structure of shuttleless looms is improving, the materials are widely used, the machining accuracy is higher and higher. With the development of the world's science and technology, electronic technology and microelectronic control technology have gradually replaced mechanical technology. The manufacture of shuttleless looms is a new high-tech product integrating electronics, computer technology, precision machinery technology and textile technology.

The air jet loom detects the total tension of the warp by the tension sensor. The warp tension changes caused by the change of the diameter of the opening, the warp, the warp and the warp shaft are controlled by the CPU, thereby ensuring the warp delivery accuracy and maintaining the constant tension of the warp yarn. The air-jet looms use microcomputer technology and other electronic technology to control the movement of the whole machine, especially the automatic monitoring of the product quality, which greatly improves the production efficiency of air-jet looms. But at the same time, the air-jet looms have higher requirements for the electronic control system. They not only require high performance, good stability, easy maintenance, low failure rate, but also adapt to the environment of high temperature, high humidity, multi hairiness and dust, and also have strong anti-interference requirements for power fluctuation and group interference.

　　 Weaving machinery products Development presents the following characteristics:

1. computer control technology and electronic jacquard technology have been widely used in all kinds of knitting machinery products. They are used in circular weft knitting machines, flat knitting machines, hosiery machines, artificial fur machines and warp knitting warping machines, filling the gap of China in many years, realizing electronic jacquard, improving the technical level of machines, and bringing some models to the international advanced level in 1990s. Computerized control system for circular weft knitting machine, hosiery machine and flat knitting machine in China

It has been used in batches of the main engine.

2. product variety specification series has been relatively complete and developed to the two ends, such as the maximum diameter of the circular knitting machine can reach 38 or 40 inches, the machine number can reach E36, the warp knitting machine can reach 180 inches, the machine number can reach E32, the computer flat knitting machine's maximum size can reach 60 inches, and the machine number can reach E18.

3. enhance the versatility and versatility of the machine. For example, the four pin, Terry and single weft knitting machines in single circular weft knitting machines can be converted to one another. One machine has multiple functions. Within a certain range, the needles of different specifications of the same machine can be exchanged with each other, so that one machine can be used in many specifications, and the jacquard machine can be transformed into an electronic jacquard machine.